Liquid-fuel burner



the flame divides at the dame control ring, part of it taking the course indicated by the arrow 45, With the result that there are tivo columns of flame passing' from the burner and impinging against the base of the vessel or other article to be heated. This-effects a better mixture of the vapors and air and a more eiiicient transfer of heat from the flame to the vessel than that Which lakes place in the burners of the priorart which deliver a single column of flame.

The action of the burner is enhanced by slightly flaring the upper end of the outer combustion tube, as indicated at 4G and pr vidi the flared portion with a series of perforations l-'i byA .vluch the air risingf in the soace 48 between the air drum and the outer combustion tube is fed into the heated vapors just as they escape' from the vaporspace.

The core il of the air cap prevents the ilame from drawing intera narrow pencil at the point and forces it to maintain the annular form.

reir in thespace 49 betvveen the air shaft and the inner combustion tube must be relieved adjacent to the top or the flame will ripple. Relief may be effected by perforatious 35 in the air shaft or perforations 50 (Fig. 2) in the flange 37 of the air cap. The exact size and number of these perforations Will depend somewhat upon the particular size of burner and other conditions, rllhe amount of relief required may be determined by a little experiment. Too little relief Will manifest iteelfin a rippling flame; too great relief will manifest itself in an under. supply of air through the perforations 18 of the inner combustion tube, Which will result in an odor.

rEhe size7 shape and arrangement of the perforetions 2 also depends upon particu'- lar conditions rlhe object is to furnish the air in a plurality of iets at ornear the point Where the flame is diverted inwardly by the air drum cap. If the air is supplied in an annular column'. it does not mix Well With the vapor and the flame; but by breaking` up the column into a plurality of iets, the admiture is augmented and the resultant combustion improved. lilith a three and three-quarter inch @iXi/l inner combustion tube and a. four Aand three-quarter inch (g) outer combustion tube7 sixteen (16) perforations three-sixteenths l35) of an inch in diameter, Wiel 'i their centers on a three inch circle7 rives the best results,

The size of the flame control ring 2? and its relation to the. perforations l2 and the air drum cap also depends ysomewhifit on conditions. By raising and loweringthe flame control ring, or changing its diameter and shape the division of the flame may he varied. lli/*ith .the dimensions just mentioned a ring with two and seven-eighths inch even With the inner edge-of the flame con-k trol ring the operation is most satisfactory.

The external diameter of the flame control ring should never exceed the diameter of theouter combustion tube. lf the internal .diameter of the fiame control ring is less than the distance between the outside of the opposite perforations 4:2 the operation Will he improved by chamfering the incircle of the ring as indicated at 53.

ln order to facilitate the assembly of the inner combustion tube With the Yvaporizer tie stays are provided With upwardly extending,r guides 5l (Fig. l) having curved upper edges 52 that Will readily enter the lower end of the inner combustion tube as it is forced down to its seat in the vaporizer. n ln the construction shown the air cal is made by casting to eliminate the expense of dies required to maker it in either one or tivo pieces of sheet metal. An alternative construction is shown in Fig. 6 Where the flange 3'? is omitted and the upper end 133 of the air shaft is flared to close the upper end of the annular space 149, except .for the relief vente 135. Ac variety of other modifications will occur to those skilled in the art.

lThe vaporizer 13 is preferably made of aluminum and the mass is reduced to the minimum possible to correspondingly reduce the .quantity of British thermal units required to raise the temperature of the vaporizer to the point necessary to properly vaporize the lovv fuel.

In starting, the priming charge of gesolene, or other highly volatile fuel is inserted in the troughv llland ignited. rlhe combustion of this fuel serves to raise the tempenan ture of the burner vsufficiently to enable it to vaporize the loiv grade fuels, such as kerosene. llith the improved construction, immediately after lighting the priming' fuel the vlow grade fuelmay be turned on andthe burner put into use.

Ait the baseof the vaporizer are tivo depending flanges 76 and 77, each of which is provided with three perforations 78 to adapt the burner for use in either right hand oven stoves, or. left hand oven st ovesi or stoves having no oven.

lf ol'aim'as'myinventionf s i 41. In aliquid 'fuelburnen thecoinbina- -tion of-a vaporizer,1innerandouter combuc-f .tion tubes `defining an' annular space above fthe vaporizer, lair lshaft withinand 1 spaced from the inner combustion tube, van air cap closing the air shattand the space between thefai'i shaft and the inner "combustio'ntube, said air cap having; a plurality oi erforationsl therein,4 an -air drum surround-v ingtlie -outercombustion tube, and afflame -controlfning above theupper `ends of the combu'stionftubes.l ,y i 2. 'In apliquid duel-burner,- the .combinay tion lof inner and uouter combustion.l tubes spaced apart and provided with"per-torall tions, a vaporizer closinn'ithe space'between" `the said` tiibesgat the bottom and having' a fuel trough communicating with'said space,

1a'fflamegcontrollring above said combustion jtubespan air drum surround-ing the out-er y vcombustion tubeiand having means to directr air inwardly adjacent to its upper-end, an

air sha-ft within -`Ithe inner ycombustion tube,

and means. cooperating with the air shaft to draw the flame 'inward adjacent tothe up-. per end of the' inner combustion tube. v

3. In a liquid fuel burner,` the combina-A tion of inner .andfouter coinbustiontubes defining an annular vapor space andy having perforations communicating with said space, a vaporizer closing said space at the bottom. and having a fuel trough communicating therewith, a iiame control ring;v of less out'-` side diameter than said 'annular space and supported above its upper end. an air Adrum surrounding the outer combustion tube havingmeans at its upper end Jfor directing;v the air inwardly. an air shaft within the inner combustion ring, an air cap obstructing;` the flow of air directly upward from said* sha-tt and supplying air to the flame adjacent to the flame control ring. Y j

4. In a kerosene oil burner, the combination of inner and outer combustion` tubes defining an annular vapor space and having.

perforations communicating with said space,

a vaporizer closing said space at .the bottom l' and having a lfuel trough communicating therewith, an `air, drum surrounding they outer combustion tube having means at its upper end for directing air inward,said outer combustion tubehaving` a slight per- :'iorated flare extending'only a short distance downwardlvfrom its top edge.

5. ln a liquid fuel burner, the combinal tion vof inner and outer combustion tubes delining an annular vapor space andhav#` ing; perforations communicating with saidspace, a vaporizer closing said space at the bottom and having a fuel trough communi?V 'eating therewith, `a flame control ring of less outsidediameter than said space and supported above its upper-'end,` jan air drum Surrounding the outer combustiomtube havying .y means at fitsupperend f tor directing :the `ain-inward, an airy shait Vwithin the inner conibust-ion ring, and.' an air cap i closing the inner"combustion tube 'and air shaft andkr having an annul-ar series` ot outlets adj acent 70 the flame control ring'.

l6. In a liquid ffuel burnerpthe combina- -tion oit linnenand louter combustiontubes delining an' annular vapor space, andlha'viiigg` 4.perforations communicating therewith, a J'T5 lvaporizer communicating witli the 'vapor ispace at'the lbottom,thereoiwan airf'shait within they inner combustion tube,` an air cap lclosingl fthe. inner combustion tube `and thev `space .between said 'inner l combustion tube -80 and the air shaft, said cap havingan" an-` viular series 4of-perforations vto 'feed air toy the lame above said annular space,V meansl for 'feeding an excess of airto the lowerportion lot the space between the innercom- Y I bustion tube andthejair shaftand means ltor relieving` air 1n' thel space betweenthe inner combustion tube and the air shaft adj acent' to fthe upper end thereof.`

Lin a `liquid fuel burner,

the.` combina-A tion of innerr and outercombustion ytubes de'- 'ining an `annular vapor. space andfhaving perforations ,communicating therewith, an

ioiinner. and outervcombustion tubes, anairv drum surrounding the outer combustion tube, and a series of screws in angular relation to eachother and engaging the airdrum i and the two,v coinbustiontubes to yhold them A11-,0

in proper spaced relation.

9. In aliquid fuel biirnei,'the combination of inner` and outer combustion tubes, an air drum surrounding the outer combustion j tube, an air 'drum cap on said airdrum hav-1,115

ingthreaded perorations-a series of screws in angular relation to each other and engaging` the air drum and the inner and outer combustion tubes.v i y l0.'v ln aliquid fuel burner, tion of inner and outer combustion-tubes de` ining annular-vapor space and having perforations communicating therewith, a vaporizer 'communicating with the vapor space at the bottom thereof, an air shaft within the inner combustion tube, anV air cap closing the inner combustion tube and the space between said inner combustion tube and the air shaft,

said air cap having ank annulareseries ofper- :toratlons to feed air tothe :flamey above 'said f 1,36

the combina-1"' 1203 annular vapor space, the space between the air shaft and the inner combustion tube being open at the bottoni sufficient to admit an ample supply of air along' the inner Wall of the inner Combustion tube throughout its length and means for relieving; air in the space bete/een the inner combustion tube and the air shaft adjacent to the upper end thereof.

ll. ln a liquid fuel burner, the combination of inner and outer combustion tubes, an air drum surrounding the outer Combustion tube and screws in angular relation passing through the air drum and the outer Coinbus tion tube and bearing` against the inner coinbustion tube.

l2. ln liquid fuel burner, the combinatien of a trough shaped vaporizer of thin aluminum, inner and outer eenibustion tubes defining' an annular space abovel the vaporand having' perforations eomniunieating` with that space, an air shaft Within and sp1 eed from the inner Combustion tube, an air eap Cloning; the air shaft and the space between the air shaft and the inner combustion tube, said air cap having a plurality of perferations therein, an air drum surrounding the outer combustion tube and a vflame control ring; abover the upper ends of the combustion tubes. l

18. ln a liquid fuel burner, the combination ef inner and outer combustion tubes deeon'rbuetion tube and the space betweensaid l inner combustion tube and the airv shaft, said cap having an annular series of perferations to feed air to the flame abovesaid annular space, means for feeding an excess of air te the lower portion of the annular space between the inner combustion tube and the air shaft and means for relieving air in the space between the inner combustion tube and the air shaft adjacent to the upper end thereof.

ln testimony whereof I my signature.

@Lynn W. MUMMnnr. 

